Roberts CPA | Accounting & Tax Blog

Business Tax Reduction 101: Smart Strategies to Keep More of What You Earn

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For every business owner, managing taxes is one of the most important parts of running a successful operation. Overpaying taxes can eat into profits, while smart planning can significantly improve your bottom line. The good news? With the right strategies, you can reduce your business tax liability legally and effectively.

This guide breaks down the basics of business tax reduction—what it is, why it matters, and how to do it.

Why Business Tax Reduction Matters
Paying taxes is a non-negotiable part of doing business, but how much you pay is often within your control. By leveraging deductions, credits, and smart planning, you can:

  • Improve cash flow
  • Boost profitability
  • Reinvest more into your business
  • Avoid costly penalties and audits

The key is understanding your options and taking a proactive approach throughout the year—not just during tax season.

Top Strategies for Reducing Business Taxes

1. Maximize Business Deductions
The IRS allows you to deduct “ordinary and necessary” expenses related to running your business. Some common deductions include:

  • Office rent or home office expenses
  • Business travel and meals (50% deductible)
  • Equipment and software
  • Marketing and advertising
  • Professional services (legal, accounting, consultants)
  • Employee wages and benefits

Keep detailed records and receipts to support your deductions in case of an audit.

2. Leverage Section 179 and Bonus Depreciation
If you purchase equipment or vehicles for your business, you can often deduct the full cost in the year of purchase through Section 179 or bonus depreciation. These incentives can provide huge tax savings, especially for capital-intensive businesses.

3. Hire Strategically
Hiring employees or independent contractors may qualify you for tax credits and deductions. The Work Opportunity Tax Credit (WOTC), for example, rewards businesses that hire veterans, ex-felons, or long-term unemployed workers.

Also, offering tax-advantaged benefits like retirement plans, health insurance, or commuter benefits can reduce your payroll tax burden.

4. Contribute to a Retirement Plan
Setting up a retirement plan—like a SEP IRA, SIMPLE IRA, or Solo 401(k)—not only helps you and your employees save for the future, but also reduces your taxable income. Employer contributions are typically tax-deductible.

5. Choose the Right Business Structure
The way your business is structured (sole proprietorship, LLC, S-corp, C-corp, partnership) can have a major impact on your tax bill. For example:

  • S-corporations allow profits (and losses) to pass through to the owner’s personal tax return, avoiding double taxation.
  • LLCs offer flexibility—you can elect how you want to be taxed.
  • C-corporations may benefit from a flat corporate tax rate, but may also be subject to double taxation unless handled carefully.

Work with a tax professional to determine the best structure for your business.

6. Defer Income and Accelerate Expenses
If your business operates on a cash basis, you can defer income (delay invoices or payments) to the next tax year and accelerate expenses (prepay for goods or services) in the current year to reduce your taxable income.

7. Take Advantage of Tax Credits
Credits directly reduce your tax liability dollar for dollar. Some examples include:

  • R&D Tax Credit: For businesses investing in innovation, technology, or product development.
  • Energy Efficiency Credits: For eco-friendly building upgrades or equipment.
  • Small Business Health Care Tax Credit: If you offer health insurance and meet eligibility criteria.

Tax credits often require documentation and qualifications, so consult a tax advisor before applying.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

  • Failing to keep accurate and updated financial records
  • Mixing personal and business expenses
  • Ignoring quarterly estimated tax payments
  • Waiting until year-end to plan taxes
  • Overlooking tax credits and deductions you’re eligible for

Final Thoughts
Reducing your business taxes doesn’t mean cutting corners—it means planning smartly and using the tax code to your advantage. Whether you’re a solo entrepreneur or run a growing enterprise, these strategies can help you legally reduce your tax burden and improve your financial health.

Partner with a qualified accountant or tax advisor to tailor a tax reduction plan that fits your specific business model. With the right support, you can keep more of what you earn—and reinvest it into the success of your business.

7 Effective Ways To Evaluate A Market

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Before launching a new product or service, expanding into a new geographical area, or making significant business decisions, it’s crucial to thoroughly evaluate the target market. Market evaluation helps businesses understand customer needs, competition, and the potential for success. In this article, we will explore seven effective ways to evaluate a market.

1. Conduct Market Research

Comprehensive market research is the cornerstone of market evaluation. Start by gathering data on your target market, including demographics, psychographics, purchasing behaviors, and market size. This research can involve surveys, interviews, focus groups, and the analysis of existing data. Tools like Google Trends, Statista, and market research firms can provide valuable insights.

2. Analyze Competition

Understanding your competition is essential. Identify key competitors in your market, assess their strengths and weaknesses, and determine what sets your business apart. Analyze their pricing strategies, customer base, and market share. This information will help you position your business effectively.

3. Assess Market Size and Growth Potential

Determine the size of your target market and its growth potential. Is it a niche market or a larger, rapidly expanding one? Assessing market size and growth can help you estimate the potential demand for your product or service and make informed investment decisions.

4. Study Consumer Behavior

Understanding consumer behavior is vital for market evaluation. Analyze the buying habits, preferences, and pain points of your target audience. This knowledge will guide product development and marketing strategies to align with customer needs and expectations.

5. Investigate Regulatory and Legal Considerations

Depending on your industry, market evaluation should include an examination of regulatory and legal considerations. Compliance with local, national, and international laws and regulations is crucial. Failure to address these factors can lead to costly legal issues and barriers to market entry.

6. SWOT Analysis

Conduct a SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) to assess your business’s readiness for the market. This framework helps identify internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. It provides a clear perspective on the current state of your business and its potential in the chosen market.

7. Test Your Product or Service

Before a full-scale market launch, consider conducting a pilot or test phase. This allows you to gauge real-world customer response and collect feedback. Pilot programs provide valuable insights and can help you make necessary adjustments to ensure your product or service meets market demands.

Market evaluation is a crucial step for any business looking to succeed in a competitive landscape. By conducting thorough market research, analyzing competition, assessing market size and growth potential, understanding consumer behavior, addressing regulatory considerations, and performing a SWOT analysis, you can make informed decisions that lead to a successful market entry or expansion. Additionally, testing your product or service before a full launch will minimize risks and increase your chances of achieving long-term success in the chosen market. Remember that continuous evaluation and adaptation are key to staying competitive and relevant in ever-evolving markets.

Refinancing A Mortgage — What Is Deductible?

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Many homeowners are looking at the historically low interest rates on home mortgages and are refinancing their mortgages before rates start creeping back up. If you recently refinanced your mortgage or are considering doing so, you’ll want to understand the general tax rules for deducting the costs associated with refinancing.

Interest

Assuming you refinance debt that you incurred to buy, build, or substantially improve your main or second home, and that is secured by that home, interest on the refinanced debt is generally deductible. However, there are limitations on the amount of debt that can qualify for the interest deduction. First, it can’t be more than the amount of the original debt that has been refinanced. Additionally, the debt can’t exceed:

  • $1 million ($500,000 for married taxpayers filing separately), if the original mortgage that has been refinanced was taken after October 13, 1987, but before December 16, 2017; or
  • $750,000 ($375,000 for married taxpayers filing separately), if the original mortgage that has been refinanced was taken after December 15, 2017.

To deduct home mortgage interest, you must itemize deductions on your tax return. When you add up all of the individual deductions that you qualify for, they may or may not be more than the amount of the standard deduction for your filing status. If the total for the year is less than your standard deduction, then you will want to take the standard deduction.

Points

Mortgage points, also known as discount points, are fees paid directly to the lender at closing in exchange for a reduced interest rate. One point costs one percent of the mortgage amount (or $1,000 for every $100,000). Essentially, you pay some interest up front in exchange for a lower interest rate over the life of the loan.

Points paid for the refinancing of your home mortgage are generally deductible over the life of the loan. If it is the second time you have refinanced your mortgage, any portion of the points you paid on the first mortgage that haven’t been deducted may be deductible in the year of the second refinancing.

Penalties and Fees

Generally, a prepayment fee paid on the old mortgage is considered a payment of interest on that mortgage and, therefore, is deductible in the year it is paid. However, other fees, such as those for credit reports, appraisals, and loan origination, are not deductible.

Before refinancing, talk with a financial or tax professional who can crunch the numbers for you and help you determine the most opportune option available to you.

A Comprehensive Guide To Small Business Taxes

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Running a small business comes with a multitude of responsibilities, and one crucial aspect is managing taxes. Small business owners often find themselves grappling with the complexities of the tax system, from understanding different tax obligations to maximizing deductions. In this article, we’ll delve into the world of small business taxes, offering insights and tips to help entrepreneurs navigate the tax landscape more effectively.

Different Types of Small Business Taxes

Small businesses are subject to various types of taxes, each with its own rules and regulations. Some common types of taxes that small business owners need to be aware of include:

  1. Income Tax: Business income is generally subject to federal, state, and sometimes local income taxes. Sole proprietors report their business income on their personal tax return, while other business structures have separate tax filings.
  2. Self-Employment Tax: If you’re self-employed or a sole proprietor, you’re responsible for paying both the employee and employer portions of Social Security and Medicare taxes, known as self-employment tax.
  3. Employment Taxes: If you have employees, you’ll need to withhold federal and, in some cases, state income taxes, Social Security, and Medicare taxes from their wages. You’re also responsible for paying the employer portion of these taxes.
  4. Sales Tax: Many states impose sales tax on the sale of goods and some services. Small businesses that sell taxable items need to collect and remit sales tax to the appropriate state authorities.
  5. Property Tax: If your business owns real estate or tangible property, you may be subject to property taxes levied by local governments.
  6. Excise Tax: Certain goods and services are subject to excise taxes, such as gasoline, alcohol, and tobacco products.

Tax Deductions and Credits for Small Businesses

Understanding tax deductions and credits is vital for minimizing your tax liability. Some common deductions and credits for small businesses include:

  1. Business Expenses: You can deduct ordinary and necessary business expenses, such as rent, utilities, office supplies, and employee salaries.
  2. Home Office Deduction: If you operate a business from your home, you may be eligible for a home office deduction.
  3. Startup Costs: New businesses can deduct a portion of startup expenses in their first year of operation.
  4. Health Insurance Deduction: Small business owners who provide health insurance for themselves and their employees may qualify for a deduction.
  5. Section 179 Deduction: This allows you to deduct the cost of certain property (like equipment) in the year it’s purchased, rather than depreciating it over time.
  6. Research and Development Credit: Businesses engaged in qualified research activities may be eligible for a tax credit.

Seeking Professional Assistance

Given the complexity of small business taxes, seeking professional assistance can be a wise investment. Enlisting the help of a certified public accountant (CPA) or tax advisor can help ensure that you’re compliant with tax laws, taking advantage of all eligible deductions, and making informed financial decisions.

Staying Organized and Prepared

Maintaining accurate and organized records is crucial for managing small business taxes effectively. Keep track of all income, expenses, receipts, and relevant documentation throughout the year. This will make tax preparation and filing smoother and more accurate.

Small business taxes are an integral part of entrepreneurship that demands attention and careful planning. By understanding the different types of taxes, leveraging deductions and credits, seeking professional advice, and maintaining organized records, small business owners can navigate the complex world of taxes with confidence. Remember, staying informed and proactive about tax obligations can help your business thrive financially while remaining compliant with tax laws.

Understanding Total Return

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A mutual fund’s performance — its total return — can be either positive or negative. In other words, a fund either made or lost money for a measured time period. There are three separate elements that contribute to total return: the distribution of fund income (interest and dividends received on the fund’s investments); the distribution of capital gains; and the rise or fall in the price of fund shares. A fuller understanding of these three elements can help you make more informed decisions as an investor.

Fund Income

Bond issuers, such as corporations and the U.S. government, pay interest on the money loaned to them by the investors that buy the bonds. If you buy a government bond, for example, you know how much interest the bond will pay you over the life of the bond. Bonds are also known as “fixed-income” investments because you can anticipate your earnings.

If you own shares in a bond fund rather than an individual bond, you will share in the interest earned by the bonds in the fund. However, if you own your bond fund through an employer’s retirement plan, you do not actually receive your share of the interest income in cash. Instead, your share of the interest is reinvested in the fund and is used to buy additional shares for your account.

If you own shares in a stock fund, you may receive a distribution of dividends the fund received on its various stock holdings. Your share of the dividends paid to a stock fund you own through an employer’s retirement plan is reinvested in that fund and used to buy additional shares.

Capital Gains Distributions

When fund managers sell an investment that has increased in price, the fund will have a capital gain. Funds, of course, have losers as well as winners. When a fund sells an investment for less than it paid for it, the fund suffers a loss. Most mutual funds distribute capital gains (minus capital losses) to their shareholders at the end of the year. If you own funds through a retirement account, then the capital gains distributions are reinvested in additional fund shares.

Rise or Fall in Fund Share Prices

The market prices of stocks and bonds rarely remain static — they typically rise and fall each trading day. Thus, the share price of a fund depends on the current value of the investments it holds in its portfolio, after deduction of expenses and liabilities. As an investor, it’s important to understand that until you sell your shares in a fund, any gain or loss in their value is only a gain or loss on paper.

Total Return and Fund Performance

There are several ways to measure fund performance, and total return plays a part in each method.

  • Average annual total return: One way to measure the performance of a mutual fund is to look at its average annual total return for different periods of time. A comparison of a fund’s return to a benchmark will show how the fund has performed relative to an index.
  • Cumulative total return: Looking at a fund’s cumulative total return shows how much a fund has earned over a specific period.
  • Year-by-year returns: It can be helpful to compare a fund’s performance from one year to the next. If you notice a wide variation year to year, the fund is most likely a highly volatile one.

You should consider the fund’s investment objectives, charges, expenses, and risks carefully before you invest. The fund’s prospectus, which can be obtained from your financial representative, contains this and other information about the fund. Read the prospectus carefully before you invest or send money. Shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than their original cost.

Prices of fixed income securities may fluctuate due to interest rate changes. Investors may lose money if bonds are sold before maturity.

Stock investing involves a high degree of risk. Stock prices fluctuate and investors may lose money.

A Checklist For Plan Sponsors

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Once a retirement savings plan has been approved and is in place, it’s tempting to sit back and adopt an “I’m done,” hands-off attitude. However, to ensure that a plan will continue to operate effectively, employers should periodically review plan provisions and features. Here are some points to check.

  • How the plan is presented. The more convinced employees are of the wisdom of saving for retirement, the greater the level of employee participation. The greater the participation, the more the plan can benefit all employees — including highly compensated ones. Regular meetings, newsletters, and handouts are effective means of communicating plan advantages. Check to make sure printed materials are up to date and easy to understand, and distribute them frequently.
  • Plan investments. Employers that sponsor participant-directed plans can limit potential legal liability for losses caused by employees’ investment decisions if plan investment choices meet certain requirements under Section 404(c). Very generally, where 404(c) protection is sought, a plan should offer at least three “core” investment choices, allow employees to switch investments at least once each quarter, and provide participants with adequate disclosure of specified investment information.
  • Administration. Participants and beneficiaries must be given a copy of the Summary Plan Description (SPD) within 120 days after a plan is adopted or within 90 days after becoming eligible to participate in the plan or receive benefits. Review the SPD to make sure it accurately describes the provisions of your plan. If changes have been made to the plan document — which is likely, given the recent tax law changes — then all participants must receive a notification of these changes within 210 days after the end of the plan year in which the changes were adopted. Generally, all participants must receive a copy of the SPD every five years.
  • Summary annual reports (SARs). Summary annual reports must be distributed to participants within nine months after the close of the plan year. If a plan receives an extension to file its annual report (Form 5500) with the IRS, then the SAR must be distributed within two months after the end of the extension.
  • Plan rollovers. Qualified plans must allow a participant to elect direct rollover of any eligible distribution to an IRA or another employer-sponsored retirement plan. Your plan should have procedures in place to handle direct rollovers.
  • Bonding. Generally, plan fiduciaries and others who handle the assets of a plan must be bonded. The bond must be equal to at least 10% of the funds handled by the bonded individual, but cannot be for less than $1,000 and need not be for more than $500,000.
  • Loans to participants. Loans that are not properly administered may be treated as constructive distributions resulting in taxable income to the recipients. Review loans to make sure that loan balances do not exceed the maximum limitations. Unless used to finance the purchase of a principal residence, all loans must be repaid within five years. A plan may impose more stringent conditions on loans than the law requires.
  • Plan forms. All forms should meet current requirements. Forms that may need updating include beneficiary designation forms, benefit election forms, and the notice of distribution options.